What Is Sin
In the morning you said that one who
realizes the Brahman thus destroys sin and is well established in
Brahman. In this reference, explain the difference between the concept
of sin in the Upanishads and in the bible. And also please explain the
implications in human life.
There is a very basic difference.
To the biblical religions – to Jews, Christians, and even Mohammedans –
the concept of sin is totally different than it is to the Hindus and
Buddhists. The concept of sin in Christianity, in The Bible, is related
to your acts – to what you do. What you do may be a sin, or it may not
be a sin; it may be a virtue but it is related to your doing. To the
Upanishads, it is not related to the doing at all. What you do is
irrelevant; what you are is the point. It is not the doing but the being
itself that is significant.
So what will it mean to call a man
a sinner? We mean that he is ignorant, unaware of his own self. Because
of this ignorance, his acts become sins. The act can become a sin only
because the doer is ignorant, unaware, unconscious, is living in a state
of sleep. Ignorance is sin and awareness is virtue. Your acts are
irrelevant because they are not central; in the center is your
consciousness. If something is wrong with the consciousness, your acts
will go wrong. If the consciousness is set right, your acts will follow.
So just to go on changing your acts will not lead you anywhere. You can
commit a sin, you can repent a sin, you can replace a sin by a virtue,
by a virtuous act – but it will not be of any meaning for the Upanishads
if you remain the same. Unless you change, your consciousness changes,
unless you attain a new plane of being, a new plenitude, just a change
of your acts is useless.
So the Upanishads do not think in
terms of acts; they think in terms of your being. Alert, aware,
conscious, you are virtuous. Why? – Because the more you are alert and
conscious and aware, the less is the possibility of committing a sin.
The basic requirement for committing a sin is to be unconscious.
For example, you can be angry only if you forget yourself. If you are
self-remembering, aware, anger is impossible. It cannot exist with
awareness. No coexistence is possible. When you are aware, it is not
that you control your anger, restrain your anger, suppress your anger –
no! It simply cannot be there. In a fully aware person, anger cannot
exist; just as in a fully lighted room darkness cannot exist. The
coexistence is impossible.
The moment you bring a lamp into the
dark room, the darkness is no more there. With the light the darkness
cannot exist. And the Upanishads say it is futile and foolish to fight
with darkness because you cannot fight with darkness. If you fight you
will be defeated. Howsoever strong you may be, you cannot fight darkness
because darkness is only the absence of light. Bring the light and
darkness disappears.
The Upanishads say sin is darkness. Bring
the light of consciousness and sin disappears. Do not fight with the
sin; do not be concerned directly with the sin; do not think in terms of
sin. Otherwise you will feel guilty and it will not be a spiritual
growth; rather, it will be a fall.
Christianity has made people
very guilty because whatsoever you do is a sin and you have to fight
with it. And nothing comes out of it. The more you fight with a sin, the
deeper its roots go in you. The more you fight, the stronger it
becomes. The more you fight, the more you are a victim of it. Why? –
Because the fight is with darkness. You cannot win; there is no
possibility of victory. And when you get defeated again and again, you
become guilty, inferior.
This whole effort of fighting with
sins, with wrongdoings, makes you feel guilty and inferior. You start
feeling that you are absolutely unworthy, that you cannot do anything.
Your spirit is not integrated through this fight; rather, it becomes ill
with an inferiority complex, a guilt complex.
The Upanishads
say sins are not important. What you do is immaterial, what you are is
the point. If you are committing sins it shows only one thing: that you
are fast asleep, unaware. So do not fight with the sins; rather, on the
contrary, move within and become more and more alert. As alertness grows
within, sins disappear without. A moment comes when you are simply a
flame of light within, alert to whatsoever you do, alert to whatsoever
moves in the mind, alert to whatsoever happens in you. There is no sin
then.
And this is possible; this victory is just within your
hands. Then you will never have the feeling of being guilty and
inferior; you will never feel that you are unworthy. The more you make
an effort to be conscious, the more and more you will feel accepted,
worthy, welcome – the more you will feel that in you God has some
destiny to fulfill.
I call this approach more scientific, more
religious, because it gives man a dignity. If you are concerned with sin
as an act, it gives you guiltiness and guiltiness cannot make you
religious. And through guilt you cannot feel the divine because your own
guilt becomes a barrier. If you are deeply in guilt, you cannot feel in
any way grateful to the divine. The gratitude cannot exist there.
When you are accepted, when you feel worthy, when you feel the abode of
the divine, when you feel that a center in you exists which is beyond
all acts, when you come nearer and nearer to this inner flame, you
become more and more grateful. Gratitude is the perfume that happens to a
religious mind. Guilt is just bad odor, just a bad smell. If you feel
guilty, around you there is a bad odor, a bad smell.
To me, the
Upanishads are more penetrating because they reach to the very being,
to the very core of the problem. Christian or Jewish attitudes are more
superficial because they touch on the periphery. They touch the act, not
the being. And they think that by changing the acts the being will be
changed. It is not possible. You can go on changing the acts but the
being cannot be changed because the periphery cannot change the center,
the outer cannot change the inner, the superficial cannot change the
basic. But if you change the center, the periphery changes
automatically; if you change the inner, the outer follows it.
If I change you, your shadow will be changed. But if I try to paint your
shadow and change it, you will not be changed by it. And my whole
effort will be futile because a shadow cannot even be painted. If you
move, the shadow will move with you and my paint will remain on the
earth and your shadow will remain untouched. Working with acts is like
working with the shadow. What you do is just superficial. What you are,
what your being is, is the central thing.
The Upanishads touch the being, so they call agyan – ignorance, unawareness – the only sin.
So the sutra says that one who realizes thus destroys sin. Just by
realizing the Brahman sins are destroyed – all your past sins. You may
have committed many wrong acts through lives and lives; they are
accumulated there. And they are also destroyed just by your reaching and
touching the innermost core of your being.
How are they
destroyed? Our calculating minds will think, “I will have to repay each
sin. For each sin I will have to do something virtuous to cancel it.”
But the Upanishads say that just by realizing IT, just by realizing the
suchness, all sins are destroyed.
How are they destroyed? –
Because you are not doing anything to destroy them. The phenomenon is
very subtle. It is just like this: you dream in the night that you are
committing adultery, you are committing murder, you have burned a whole
city – that you have committed many sins. In the morning you are awake.
The dream lingers a little, you remember it but you do not feel any
guilt about it – or do you feel it? If you still feel some guilt about
it, that means you are not yet awake. You are still sleepy and the dream
still has a little hangover around you; it is still with you. When you
are really alert and awake, you can laugh about the whole thing because
it was a dream. Really, you never committed anything.
The
Upanishads say this is the happening: when a person is awakened into
Brahman, all the lives that he has lived and all that he has done simply
disappears like a long dream. With a new awareness, all that is past
appears to be illusory, as if it never happened, or as if it happened in
a story – a dream-drama.
That is why Upanishads call this
world maya – illusory. Not that it is not, not that it is unreal, but
because of this happening, when a person awakens into deep meditation,
the whole world he has been living in up to now appears dreamlike; it
has no substance to it now.
Hence, this sutra: this sutra says
when one realizes that, the suchness of existence, the Brahman, all sins
are destroyed. Nothing is to be done about them. They simply are no
more with you, you have passed them, you have gone beyond them. Now they
belong to a past memory with no substance in it. You can relate them as
if they were dreams.
The Upanishads say that human
consciousness has four states. One: while you are awake, the waking
consciousness; second: while you are dreaming, the dreaming
consciousness; third: while you are so fast asleep that there is no
dream, the sleeping consciousness. And beyond these three is the fourth.
The Upanishads have not given it a name. They simply call it the fourth
– turiya. Turiya means the fourth. That fourth is the state where you
realize Brahman. All of the first three states are illusory if you enter
the fourth. Think of it in this way because that fourth is not yet your
experience. But you have experienced these three; thinking about these
three, something can be inferred about the fourth.
While you are awake, while you are in the waking consciousness during the day, what happens?
The dreaming consciousness has disappeared, it is no more. The sleeping
consciousness has disappeared, it is no more. Then the night will fall
and you will fall asleep again; dreams will start. When the dreams start
you change the consciousness. The gear of consciousness is changed; now
all that was in your waking consciousness simply disappears.
You were awake in Mount Abu but you can dream you are in London or New
York or Calcutta. Mount Abu simply disappears; it is no more for the
dreaming consciousness. For the dreaming consciousness London is more
real and you cannot even remember that you were in Mount Abu while
awake. It disappears so completely that there is not even a trace left.
And you cannot feel any contradiction and you cannot raise any question:
“How did it happen? I was in Mount Abu and now I am in London.” No, not
even a doubt arises because the one has so totally disappeared that you
cannot bring it in to compare.
In the waking state you were
living with your wife in the house. In the dream the wife has
disappeared, the house has disappeared. You are living with another
woman; you have again married. And there is not even any guilt that you
have not divorced your wife – because you cannot compare. The first has
disappeared so completely that there is no contradiction, no
inconsistency about it.
And then you enter the third state,
deep sleep, where dreams disappear. Now the waking state, the wife, the
house, they have already disappeared. Now the dreaming state, the wife
you have just now married, the new house, they have disappeared. Now
both states have disappeared. You are so fast asleep that you do not
remember anything.
And then in the morning you are entering
waking consciousness again. Now the dream has disappeared, the sleep has
disappeared. The same wife, the same house, again start – the same
world. Now again you are in Mount Abu. The Upanishads say these three
states show that whenever one of these states gets a grip on you, the
other two disappear.
There is a fourth state. We are making all
the effort for that fourth – to be beyond these three. That fourth
state is called turiya – total awareness. In that total awareness all
these three disappear and all that belongs to these three disappears.
That fourth cannot be transcended. There is no fifth state of
consciousness. The fourth is the last. Buddhas live in it, Christs live
in it, Krishnas live in it. It cannot be transcended. Because it cannot
be transcended, it cannot be canceled by anything. Hence, the Upanishads
say this is the ultimate reality. All else was just relatively real.
That which cannot be canceled by anything is the final, the ultimate,
the absolutely real.
The sins, all that you have done, simply
disappear because you come to realize your being which is not a doer at
all. It has not done anything; it is just a witnessing self. And all
that was done, was done by nature – the natural laws.
It is
very difficult for the society to understand it. That is why no society
exists in the world which has Upanishadic teaching as its basis. No
society can exist with it, it is so dangerous a teaching. Hindus go on
reading the Upanishads but even they never try to construct a society,
to create a society around this teaching, because this is such a high
standpoint for looking at things. It says that if a murderer is
committing a murder this is how things are – how nature is functioning
within him, how nature has become murderous through him. One day, when
this man will achieve the final consciousness, he will laugh. He will
say, “I never committed this. Just a situation, natural forces, did the
whole work.”
But if this is taught right now, this will create a
confusion in the mind and a fear that “If this is taught then everyone
will commit murder and will say, ‘What can I do? It is how nature is
functioning in me.’” This fear is also false because those who commit
murder will commit it no matter what you say. We have been giving
punishment as much as possible – imprisonment, life sentence, even death
– but nothing has changed. Murders go on being committed; rather, they
go on increasing.
We have never tried the other alternative. As
far as I feel, as far as I know, if we base the society on the
Upanishadic teaching, not a single extra murder will be there. Things
will remain as they are but there will be more possibility for man to be
transformed.
This is difficult because the whole of humanity
has been conditioned to believe that man is a sinner and he must be
prevented; otherwise he will go on committing sins. He must be
imprisoned, punished. He must be tortured so that he is prevented from
committing sins. But we have not prevented anyone – not a single man
have we been able to prevent.
I have heard that in England, in
the old days just two hundred years ago, whenever a thief was caught he
was to be flogged naked before the whole town at the crossroads. He
would be hanged there and flogged just to teach the whole town what
happens if you commit stealing. But then it had to be stopped because
the whole village would gather to see the thief being flogged, and the
pickpockets would try their art just there on the crowd. And people were
so attentive in looking at this torture that they would forget their
pockets. So then it became obvious that this was nonsense; no one was
learning anything. Exactly there on the spot people were committing
stealing, they were doing the exact same thing.
To me, this
phenomenon seems to be very symbolic. All our imprisonments, sentences,
death sentences, our tortures, have been futile; they have not changed a
single man. They cannot because a man is a configuration of so many
natural forces. Just by punishing, you cannot change that configuration.
A man is such a deep-rooted phenomenon that just by beating him you
cannot change his consciousness.
And really, this has been a
very long game, very futile because the person who is beating is of the
same type. Policemen and thieves, they belong to the same category.
Murderers and judges, they belong to the same category. They are just
standing on opposite poles but their quality of consciousness is
similar. One is committing a sin against the society; another is
committing a sin for the society.
If you murder someone you
will be murdered by the society and a murder by the society is not a
sin. How can you change murder by murder? How can you change violence by
violence? You increase it; you double it. You can take revenge but you
cannot change anything.
The Upanishads say that when you come
to the innermost core of being and become alert, totally alert about
what has happened, then you know it was prakriti – nature – which was
doing all. You have always been a witness – the purusha.
The
deepest philosophy in India has been samkhya, and samkhya says all
activity belongs to nature; only consciousness belongs to you. All
activity, virtuous or sinful – all activity – belongs to nature. To you
belongs only consciousness. Attain consciousness, become one with that,
and all sins will be destroyed and you will be established in Brahman.
by
by
k.jagadeesh
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